Monologue and dialogue

Plan:

1. The concept of monologue and dialogue.

2. Differences monologue and dialogical forms of speech. “Dialogue” monologue and “monologized” dialogue.

1. In addition to oral and written, there are monologue and dialogical forms of speech.

A monologue (from the Greek. Monos - one and l o g o s - word, speech) is an expanded form of speech, carried out by one speaker (writer), which does not imply a reciprocal verbal replication of the listener (reader) during its implementation.

Dialogue (from the Greek. Dialogos   - conversation, conversation) is a form of speech occurring between two communicators, which is an exchange of remarks-statements and depends, as a rule, on the speech situation. Conversation of several persons is called a polylogue .

An extreme case of dialogue is a jerky and quick conversation on any mundane or business topics; for it will be characteristic: a relatively fast exchange of speech, when each component of the exchange is a replica and one remark is highly conditioned by the other; the exchange takes place without any prior deliberation; components do not have a special task; There are no deliberate connectedness in the construction of replicas and they are extremely short.

Accordingly, for the extreme case of a monologue, the duration and the connectedness caused by it, the construction of the speech series will be characteristic; the one-sided nature of the statement, not intended for immediate replica; Presence, premeditation, etc.

2. A monologue has, as a rule, not always an obvious setting on the addressee, and also, unlike dialogue, is less designed for a quick speech reaction of the listener. The dialogue is characterized by an appeal to a specific person (s), resulting in a constant exchange of remarks, demonstrating the presence of feedback, without which this form of speech could not exist. But here it is necessary to pay attention to the cases of the “dialogized” monologue and the “monologized” dialogue. The first can be explained by the fact that in a monologue speech, the speaker, trying to increase the activity of the listeners, often resorts to the use of rhetorical questions, addresses, introductory contact elements, etc. At the same time, the reaction of the listeners can be expressed, for example, in “jerkiness”, some kind of movement. , in facial expression, gesture, etc. The “monologized” dialogue is an exchange of remarks, which are essentially monologues.

Compositionally monologue is much more difficult than dialogue. As a result, the monologue will be characterized by a large development of both the entire text and its individual sentences.

Such non-speech indicators as facial expressions, gestures, gestures during a dialogue are much more diverse and, at times, can even replace a speech replica. But, besides the visual, the interlocutor's auditory perception is also important, based on tone, timbre, pitch, speaker intonation, etc., because These characteristics can give words a special meaning, sometimes even the opposite of a literal lexical. They show greater variability also in the case of dialogue.

The next distinction between monologue and dialogue is the pace of speech. Obviously, he is faster at the dialogue. One of the reasons for this is the following: the speaker, knowing about the natural need of the listener to make a response reply, seeks to have time to communicate the necessary, in his opinion, information before he is interrupted, because interruptions are typical for spontaneous dialogue, and sometimes they are encountered in official conversations. Taking a response reply, the addressee simultaneously prepares a new message, while he does not have time not only to think carefully about the forthcoming statement, but even, as a rule, to draw up a small mental plan . Therefore, the syntactic structures that he uses in the next replica will not be particularly complex, which, due to the patterns of speech perception, is convenient for the listener.

As for the question of the relationship between monologue and dialogue in speech and writing, dialogue is often referred to as speech and monologue as writing. But this point of view does not take into account all possible speech situations. In fact, both monologue and dialogue can exist both in speech and in written language.

Oral conversational speech is really the most typical for dialogue (for example, the situation of everyday communication of people). But a monologue is also possible in it (for example, a person’s story about an event). Moreover, its differences from the dialogue will not be very significant.

Public speech is often monologue (for example, a speech at a meeting, lectures, etc.). Dialogue in it, if it is present (for example, discussion), then as “monologized”, i.e. It is an exchange of detailed texts, because participants of the discussion, as a rule, are familiar with the topic of discussion in advance.

For writing, of course, a monologue is characteristic, since writing is monologic in nature. Moreover, the written monologue is more extensive than oral. But, nevertheless, there is a written dialogue (although not so common). An example of it is the exchange of notes of people sitting in the same audience, as well as the rather developing form of communication through computer (email, electronic conferences) and cell phones (SMS).

LITERATURE

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