16. Formal characteristics of verbal communication

• Categories of the implementation of verbal communication
• Forms of verbal communication

Social communications are realized through verbal and non - verbal means. Verbal means are necessary in the process of verbal communication of people in situations of their joint activity.

Verbal, that is, verbal communication is realized in four types of speech - speaking, listening (listening), writing and reading. According to these types, there are oral and written forms of communication. (According to another basis, such forms of communication as monologue and dialogue are distinguished. Separately, some authors consider such a form of communication as a dispute characterized by certain communication strategies and tactics).

The task of verbal communication in all situations is the same - to ensure that the information that the speaker has expressed appears in the listener's mind.

The role of the initiator of communication (speaker), as a rule, is associated with the transfer of information and is embodied in the following varieties:

• addressable - positive (knowledge transfer);
• addressee — positive (clarification of one’s own knowledge, for example, “asking”);
• addressee - suggestive (verification or clarification of knowledge);
• addressee - suggestive (imposition of knowledge, suggestion).

The role of the listener is in the perception, understanding of information and making decisions about reactive actions and has the following varieties:

• zero - positive (knowledge acquisition)
• negative (rejection of the point of view or motives of the interlocutor), etc.

The intentions (motives, goals) of the initiators of communication are always determined by their social or professional activities.

The task of the participants in written communication is to achieve the adequacy of the expression – perception of information, regardless of the time delay or flow conditions.

Speech-written communication, having some similarities with oral speech, is more prepared, independent of the time and conditions of occurrence, the use of more detailed, literary language of speech.

Often it is the writing and writing works become the basis for the production of oral speech.

• In which categories is verbal communication implemented?
• What is the difference between verbal communication and writing?