Topic 5 AESTHETICS OF THE ERA OF REBIRTH 5 1 General trends in the development of aesthetics of the Renaissance

The aesthetics of the Renaissance arises as a natural continuation of the ideas of the aesthetics of previous eras, in particular the ancient time, it is quite an original phenomenon, reflecting a holistic, experiential-sensual and rational understanding approach to the natural world and man. In the Renaissance, a new world outlook paradigm was formed. mortal life, not opposing the ideal and the real, the spirit outside and the bodily-sensual beginnings of its essence, and the spirit is considered an active force that \ "processes \" m The life of life and organizes its manifestations in the forms of perfection. The Renaissance overcame the medieval asceticism about Braga beauty, giving it the vitality of manifestations in the forms of the artistic and beautiful. The personification of the beautiful presents the person: "earthly God." A man with peace is a characteristic feature of the Renaissance era. It was from it that the rapid development of various branches of scientific knowledge began, scientific natural science was established, and art was a special sphere of spiritual experience, the freedom of creative self-realization of the artist and self-living mitzia was strengthened.

The first type of scientific knowledge, which fully corresponds to the spirit of the epoch and serves as its characteristic, is humanitarian knowledge, and the first subject is the culture of mankind, in particular, the culture of Greek and Rims of antiquity, the culture of the Middle Ages has undergone a critical approach to the cheerful culture of the ancient world, the center of which was man, allowed to get rid of the sense of sinfulness and fear of existence, which lived medieval European kulturra.

Renaissance culture drew the attention of man to the earthly world and its charms, opening its eyes to its beauty and forming the need for active interaction in cognizing secrets, as well as creative re-shaping and enhancing its image with artistic and aesthetic means. The beauty of the world has become an aesthetic model of creatively formative artists, giving it a high (sublime, majestic) sound and unique beauty and interests to the knowledge of earthly things, the rejection of the indisputable authority of the church, the growth of secular The researchers call their elements in culture the characteristic omen of the Renaissance [19, p. 41414].

For the first time, the Renaissance man turned his gaze on himself not as on the subject of sin and denial of himself - sinful. An active creative person asserts itself in culture as the very manifestation of the beauty of natural culture. She realizes her own creative powers, fulfills self-esteem and needs objectification of experience in various types of spiritual and object-oriented Universalism is a characteristic feature of the personality of the day of the Renaissance. According to Engels's famous characteristic, the Renaissance is the "greatest progressive revolution of Seukh experienced by mankind until that time, an era that needed titans and which gave rise to titanium according to its strength of thought, passion and character, versatility and scholarship \ "[7, p. 326] This is the era that paved the way for the development of European culture of the subsequent epochs epoch

True, it was from the Renaissance that the criterion and measurement of perfection for man is presented by the Renaissance Ideal itself - Man with a capital letter is almost equal to God. "The divine in aesthetics and the art of generation is human, but on the other hand the human (or perhaps demonic, but in any case, \ "not mortal \") \ "[8, p 470] With the progress of history, the absolutisation of people who start will lead to subjectivity and the loss of the objective criterion of aesthetic value of phenomena. On the subjectivism of heroes late of Renaissance emphasizes, in particular, in Hegel, describing the work in Shek sporzuyuchi tvorchіst V. Shekspіra.

The spirit of the Renaissance was formed on certain social and spiritual prerequisites. It began in Italy, the birthplace of Roman antiquity (it was greatly influenced by Greek antiquity), to subsequently spread in all countries of Western, Central and Eastern Europe. The social prerequisites of the Renaissance were formerly the democratic principles of Italian cities based on principles of self-government.

The Renaissance epoch began in the last quarter of the XIII century and lasted until the XVI century in Western Europe, and in the Eastern European region the Renaissance lasted until the XVII. Researchers divide the balls of the Renaissance into several stages. Each of them is characterized by its own specificity and achievements. First - Proto-Renaissance (end XIII- XIV centuries), the second - the early Renaissance (XV century), the third - the high Renaissance (kinetic center of the XV - 30s of the XVI century), the fourth - the late Renaissance (until the end of the XVI century XVI century).

From XV to the ideas of Renaissance humanism, its ideological principles and aesthetic-artistic principles spread in other countries of Western Europe, testifying to the rise of the Rosian secular cultural paradigm to the scale of the dominance of Renaissance ideas in philosophy, the humanities, natural science, aesthetics and art, in a lifestyle, ethical and the aesthetic ideals of the era, the vivid spokesmen of the spirit of the Renaissance in Italy were Dante (from his work the Renaissance begins to count), Petrarch, Boccaccio, Alberti, Leonardo da Vinci, Afael, Michelangelo Buonarotti, Marsilio Ficino, Giovanni Picot de la Mera Ndola, Giordano Bruno, Tomaso Campanella In Germany, Albrecht Durer of England, Miguel Durer of France, Miguel Cevant Ceventus, Spain — Miguel Cevant Ceventus, Mével Cevant Suhrrett, Miegel Cevant Suhrre, Miguel Dwerer, France — Francois Rabelais, Spain — Miguel Cevan Ceventus, Mével Cev Ceventus, Miguel Dérer, England — Mégèle Cevér Ceventus, England — Shakespeare; Already through a superficial examination of materials from the Western Renaissance, we are surprised by the huge and, one can say, myriad variety of names, countries, periods of development, trends and styles, usually referred to as Renaissance "[14, with 37" [14, p. 37].

The very concept of \ "renaissance \" (lat re - again and nasci - to be born) was first used by J. Vasari in his work \ "Biography of famous painters, sculptors and architects \" (1550)

Aesthetic ideas of the Renaissance are organically woven into philosophical, ethical, social, natural knowledge, artistic creativity, forming a spiritual synthesis and defining the overall aesthetic coloring of the era. Therefore, it is legitimate to note the all-pervading aesthetic character of the Renaissance culture, which brings it closer to the culture of antiquity, feeding on the spirit of which it , actually, was formed