37.Specialized national daily newspapers "Eco"

The economic newspaper Eco has its origins in the monthly newsletter Eco de l'exportinon published in 1908 by the brothers Emile and Robert Servan-Schreiber. In 1928, he began to issue a daily supplement, which soon became the mainstream publication. In the 30s. circulation of the newspaper reached 10 thousand copies. During the occupation of France, the newspaper did not come out, it resumed its publication in 1945 under the name “Eco”. Since that time, the newspaper is the main daily financial and economic publication in France. The growing role of economic information has contributed to the growth of Eco’s readership. Eco had a regular audience both in Paris and in the provinces, which was facilitated by a network of printing houses where copies were printed from facsimiles distributed in the regions. The editors relied on a wide network of local correspondents who supplied information to the Regional Notebooks department. The distribution of the newspaper grew: in 1982 it increased by 11%, in 1983 - by 10.7%. Unlike other daily newspapers in France, which sell most of the circulation at retail, Eco is 90% distributed by subscription, with 85% of subscribers resuming. The bulk of advertising revenue comes from financial advertisements and advertisements. The victory of the right in the 1986 parliamentary elections and the policy of the Chirac government, aimed at the privatization of enterprises nationalized by the socialists, aroused great interest in economic information. The consequence of these processes was the expansion of economic and financial information in the press. In early 1988, the Eko newspaper was sold to the British Pearson-Longman Publishing Group, which publishes the Financial Times. This is the first transaction in the history of the French press, when the newspaper became the full ownership of a foreign group. Thanks to extensive, reliable information, the newspaper enjoyed prestige among the entrepreneurs, its main subscribers. “Her influence in financial and business circles was so high that even the ardent defender of liberalism, Jacques Chirac, tried to prevent its sale to a foreign group,” writes economic press journalist Jacques Enno. In 1999, Eco updated its formula, increased the number of employees, and also expanded the editorial staff preparing the electronic version of the newspaper. By the end of the 90s. sales increased to 118 thousand copies. The main efforts of the editorial are aimed at improving the image of “Eco” as a model publication with reliable financial and economic information. The Eco website ranked first in terms of visits among French newspapers at this time. In the editorial office of the newspaper, television studios were equipped, from which current financial and economic news is transmitted. As the Nouvel Observatory wrote, “The most profitable of the French daily newspapers, Eco has never been so stable and successful.” Tribune In 1993, as a result of the merger of the financial and economic newspapers Côte Defosse and Tribune de l'Expansion, a new newspaper Tribune-Defosse appeared, which the Defosse International group began to publish. Soon, being in a difficult economic situation, she was forced to increase her capital at the expense of external investors. The core capital of the group was transferred to Bernard Arno. In the mid-90s. the newspaper became known as the Tribune. The new Tribune consisted of 28 lanes, 20 of which are devoted to stock exchange rates and only 8 to editorial materials. In 1995, the Tribune was sold in the amount of 71.2 thousand copies, its main rival Eco was 102.2 thousand copies. A significant increase in distribution was noted at the end of the 90s. from the economic newspapers Eco and Tribune. “Equip” “Equip” is the daily sports newspaper of France, its first issue was published in 1946. Journalists of the banned after the Liberation of the “Oto” newspaper began to cooperate in it. In 1946, its circulation was 150 thousand copies, in 1950 - 290 thousand, such a circulation was maintained for ten years, but in the 70s. circulation of the newspaper began to grow, in 1979 it exceeded 320 thousand copies. The newspaper seeks to diversify its activities. There is a TV program "EKIP-TV", as well as a website on the Internet. More than ten years from the end of the 80s. “Equip” was stable and even prosperous. But in the late 90s. last century, the situation has changed. The newspaper began to lose its monopoly on sports information in the press, as the daily newspapers began to pay more and more attention to sports and the daily newspapers of general interest, even qualitative, as evidenced by the evolution of Mond. The number of television channels that disseminate sports information has increased, and the opportunity has appeared to receive it through the Internet. Sports information is also available in the free newspapers “Metro” and “20 minutes”. As the leaders themselves admit, general information newspapers sometimes began to bypass "Equip" in terms of the quality of publications. The athletes played their part in the struggle for participation in the World Cup and in the six nations rugby cup. The Catholic newspaper “Croix” The national Catholic daily newspaper “Croix” originates from the monthly publication of the same name, founded in 1883. It is published by the large information group “Bayar-press.” Despite high professionalism, the ability to keep up with the times, and also loyalty to a significant part of the readership (by the end of the 1980s, 88% of the circulation was distributed by subscription), Croix, like the entire French press, did not escape the blows of the crisis. Its spread over the past two decades has declined. Since the mid 90s. she went out on 24 strips of tabloid format using color. The newspaper puts a large amount of diverse information. There are rubrics: “Man and Event”, “World”, “Economy”, “Politics”, “Society”, “Culture”, “Sport”, “Television and Radio”, “Forum”, which comment on current events and touch upon various problems of society. Only two rubrics are devoted to religion. “Croix”, thus, becomes far from a purely religious newspaper. Its materials are devoted along with religious problems of international life, economics, social problems, the newspaper also contains everyday practical information. Since 1999, the newspaper has moved to the morning issue, and within four years its distribution has increased. Sale of copies provides more than 80% of income. As a publication that does not have large advertising revenues, the newspaper receives state aid of 2 million euros per year. The newspaper has a website on the Internet, all Croix subscribers can use its information for free.