Quantum informatics

Quantum computer science is a branch of science that emerged at the end of the 20th century at the junction of quantum mechanics, theory of algorithms, and information theory. In quantum information science, the general principles and laws governing the dynamics of complex quantum systems are studied. A model of such systems is a quantum computer.

Quantum informatics includes questions of quantum computing and quantum algorithms, the physics of quantum computers, quantum cryptography and quantum information theory, directly concerns the foundations of quantum theory, in particular, the problem of measurement and the description of decoherence. The most important physical phenomenon that is studied in quantum computer science is entangled quantum states and the nonlocal properties of quantum many-body physics generated by them.

The basic concept of classical information theory is a bit, taking the values ​​0 or 1. Quantum information is represented in qubits ( quantum bit ). Qubits can be in a state that is a superposition of 0 and 1. Several qubits can be in an entangled state.

The most important applications of quantum informatics:

• quantum cryptography - this section has evolved to the level of commercial cryptography systems that are actively used to ensure the secrecy of information transfer;
• technologies of entangled states - reliable reception, verification and study of the properties of entangled states of up to a dozen particles (photons, charge states of electrons and Cooper pairs, spins of electrons and nuclei); there are separate applications in working devices. The working prototypes of a quantum computer (low-kill - up to 10 qubits - quantum processors).
• computer simulation of multi-particle systems is the least developed section, it includes a hypothetical chemistry simulator and complex systems modeling at the quantum level, for example, a computational model of a quantum processor with decoherence; while the simulation is carried out only using classical simulators of a quantum computer and with large parallelization, there are some serious results, for example, solving a quantum three-body problem.

see also

• Quantum information
• Quantum computer
• Quantum memory
• Quantum algorithm
  • Shor Algorithm
  • Grover's algorithm
  • Algorithm Zalka - Wizner
  • Deutsch-Yozhi Algorithm