5. SOCIALIZATION

Socialization - starting in infancy and ending in deep old age, the process of assimilating social roles and cultural norms. It is impossible to learn a social role from books or business game methods, although it is possible to improve yourself in it in this way. A leader or king has been raising a successor to himself for many years; the performer of this role is brought up by the environment, the practice of making managerial decisions, which must be mastered, really becoming a king or a leader. Each social role includes a multitude of cultural norms, rules, and behavioral stereotypes; it is associated with other roles through invisible social threads — rights, duties, relationships. And all this must be mastered. That is why the term “learning” rather than “learning” applies to socialization. It is broader in content and includes training as one of the parts. Since during life we ​​have to master not one, but a whole multitude of social roles, moving along the age and service ladder, the process of socialization continues throughout life. Human development cannot be understood apart from the family, social group and culture to which it belongs.

Stages of socialization . It is customary to distinguish primary socialization, which covers the period of childhood, and secondary socialization, which takes a longer period of time and also includes mature and old age.

1. Socialization of adults is expressed mainly in the change in their external behavior, while child socialization corrects basic value orientations .

2. Adults can rate rates; children can only assimilate them .

3. Socialization of adults often implies an understanding that there are many “shades of gray” between black and white .

4. Socialization of adults is aimed at helping a person to master certain skills; the socialization of children forms mainly the motivation of their behavior .

The current situation in the youth environment is characterized by a sharp increase in informal ties, spontaneously arising associations. This is partly due to the fact that the youth “demand” for leisure clubs in terms of leisure time considerably exceeds the “supply” from state and public organizations. From 60–80% of young people under the age of 20 in different cities consider themselves to be members of youth associations, most of which are informal.

A feature of the psychology of a young person in the process of socialization is the orientation on the norms of behavior that operate in the group of his communication. In a situation of choice, it is not personal self-determination that often occurs, but an orientation toward the reaction of the formal majority of the group. This makes the young man a "prisoner of the situation." If the informal group is dominated by positive values, then it accelerates the formation of socially significant qualities of the individual. Otherwise, due to the mechanism of “group conformity”, rigid psychological dependence, blind adherence to group standards, the young man is gradually drawn into negative, and even illegal behavior. The emergence of informal groups is evidence of the growing social activity of young people, the search for their new ideas of self-realization. The vital position of an individual, therefore, is not simply a characteristic of his inner world through the direction or set of functional manifestations — roles. This is a holistic subject-practical (spiritual-practical and material-practical) manifestation of man, which has its own quantitative and qualitative parameters of measurement. Life stance acts as a phenomenon that reveals the extent to which a person participates in resolving social contradictions and the degree of mediation of this activity for their own comprehensive development.