2.1. Concept of geometric vector

A geometric vector is a directed segment. Vectors are denoted as follows: ; where M is the starting point of the vector, P is the ending point of the vector (Fig. 1).

Fig. one

The concept of "vector" has a broader meaning. A vector is an element of a linear space, usually finite-dimensional. (For linear spaces, see [1, 3, 6].) The entire set of geometric vectors is linear space. Many mathematical objects form a linear space, for example, matrices of the same size, or polynomials. Further, by the word "vector" we always mean a geometric vector.